When Agile Scrum Meets Peter Drucker: Aligning Modern Method with Timeless Strategy Agile Scrum (scrum) is the primary methodology teams use to create value through quick and continuous delivery. What are the connections between the modern scrum framework and Peter Drucker's Theory of Business? Both frameworks function on different levels at first sight. Scrum functions at a tactical level, whereas the Theory of Business operates at a strategic level. Yet, examining the two frameworks uncovers key intersections supporting organizational agility and stability. Agile Scrum Methodology Scrum employs an iterative approach to product development. Teams complete product segments in “sprints” that typically span two to four weeks. Collaboration and continuous feedback are at the forefront of Scrum methodology, emphasizing adaptive responses to change (Schwaber & Sutherland, 2020). Scrum teams operate cross-functionally as self-directed units with the managers to make decisions and solve problems efficiently. Scrum fundamentally focuses on achieving the correct tasks rapidly and efficiently through transparency and ongoing enhancement (Beck et al., 2001). Drucker’s Theory of Business Peter Drucker’s Theory of Business provides a strategic framework organizations can use to achieve success. The theory argues that every successful organization is built on three assumptions: its environment, mission, and primary competencies. The organization achieves success when its assumptions align with reality. Business becomes vulnerable to failure if its fundamental assumptions do not align with reality. According to the Theory of Business, organizations must evaluate their foundational assumptions continuously. Businesses must continually assess if their foundational beliefs align with the surrounding environment to ensure their theory remains valid (Drucker, 1994). Where Scrum and Drucker’s Theory Connect Scrum and the Theory of Business function at distinct levels but share foundations in feedback mechanisms, adaptability principles, and customer-centric operations: • Continuous Improvement: The Scrum methodology includes iterative refinement through sprint reviews and retrospectives. According to Drucker, organizations must review their strategic assumptions to maintain viability (Drucker 1994). • Customer Centricity: Scrum uses direct user feedback to determine immediate development requirements (Beck et al. 2001), while Drucker advises leaders to predict future customer demands (Drucker, 2006). • Adaptability: Scrum, together with the Theory of Business, promotes the principles of learning and remaining responsive while being agile. Scrum functions at the project level, whereas Drucker operates at the organizational level. Scrum functions as the operational "how," delivering products quickly, while Drucker’s Theory of Business explains the strategic "why" behind product development initiatives. Conclusion Numerous organizations implement Scrum processes yet have not evaluated their overarching strategies. These organizations will master executing incorrect strategies without Drucker’s Theory of Business. A great strategy loses its potential value when it lacks agile implementation (Rigby et al. 2018). Organizations that merge Scrum with Drucker's Theory of Business establish a winning position for success. Organizations need to move efficiently to survive constant change and understand the purpose behind their movements. Scrum enables organizations to respond swiftly to changes, while Drucker’s Theory of Business empowers organizations to move with intent. Combining these frameworks creates a strong harmony between practical execution and strategic vision. References Beck, K., Beedle, M., van Bennekum, A., Cockburn, A., Cunningham, W., Fowler, M., ... & Thomas, D. (2001). Manifesto for Agile Software Development. Agile Alliance. https://agilemanifesto.org/ Drucker, P. F. (1994). The theory of the business. Harvard Business Review, 72(5), 95–104. https://hbr.org/1994/09/the-theory-of-the-business Drucker, P. F. (2006). The effective executive: The definitive guide to getting the right things done. Harper Business. Rigby, D. K., Sutherland, J., & Noble, A. (2018). Agile at scale. Harvard Business Review, 96(3), 88–96. https://hbr.org/2018/05/agile-at-scale Schwaber, K., & Sutherland, J. (2020). The Scrum Guide™: The Definitive Guide to Scrum: The Rules of the Game. Scrum.org. https://scrumguides.org

 Armenian Heritage Month is a time to celebrate the rich history, culture, and contributions of the Armenian people. Observed throughout April, this month honors the resilience, traditions, and achievements of Armenians across the world. It also serves as a time for reflection, particularly on the Armenian Genocide of 1915, ensuring that the history and lessons of the past are never forgotten. Throughout the month, communities come together to recognize Armenian music, art, cuisine, and literature, while also highlighting the significant contributions Armenians have made in various fields, including science, politics, business, and the arts. Events such as cultural festivals, educational panels, and memorial services provide opportunities to deepen awareness and appreciation of Armenian heritage. By celebrating Armenian Heritage Month, we not only honor a vibrant and enduring culture but also reinforce the importance of preserving history and fostering cultural understanding for future generations. Ways to Celebrate/ Learn about Armenian History 1. Learn About Armenian History and Culture: · Read Books: Dive into books on Armenian history, culture, and literature. Some notable works include: · The Forty Days of Musa Dagh by Franz Werfel · The History of Armenia by Vahan Kurkjian · The Sandcastle Girls by Chris Bohjalian (fiction inspired by the Armenian Genocide) · Watch Documentaries and Films: Explore films and documentaries about Armenia and its history. Some good choices are: · The Promise (2016) - A historical drama set during the Armenian Genocide. · Ararat (2002) - A film by Atom Egoyan exploring the legacy of the Armenian Genocide. · Documentaries like The Armenian Genocide (2006), which provides historical context and survivor stories. 2. Support Armenian Art and Artists: · Attend Art Exhibits: Many museums and galleries feature Armenian art, whether it be historical, traditional, or modern. Check for local exhibits showcasing Armenian artists. · Listen to Armenian Music: Discover traditional and contemporary Armenian music. Artists like Serj Tankian (System of a Down), Aram Khachaturian (composer), and Shushanik (singer) showcase a blend of traditional and modern Armenian music. · Explore Armenian Dance: Watch traditional Armenian dance performances, which are an important part of the culture. Many cultural centers offer dance classes or performances. 3. Engage with the Armenian Community: · Attend Local Armenian Cultural Events: Many Armenian communities organize events during History Month, such as festivals, lectures, or performances that celebrate Armenian culture and history. · Visit Armenian Churches: If there is an Armenian church or community center near you, attend a service or event to learn more about Armenian spirituality and traditions. The Armenian Apostolic Church is a key institution in Armenian culture. 4. Support Armenian Businesses: · Explore Armenian Cuisine: Celebrate Armenian food by trying dishes like khorovats (grilled meats), dolma (stuffed grape leaves), lavash (flatbread), baklava, and khash (a traditional soup). Many cities have Armenian restaurants that can offer an authentic experience. · Shop from Armenian-Owned Businesses: Supporting Armenian-owned businesses or buying products that reflect Armenian culture (like jewelry, art, or clothing) is a great way to participate. 5. Commemorate the Armenian Genocide: · Learn and Educate: The Armenian Genocide, which occurred from 1915-1923, is a central part of Armenian history. Take time to learn about the tragedy and raise awareness through social media, educational programs, or discussions. · Participate in Memorial Events: Many Armenian communities hold memorial services on April 24th to commemorate the victims of the Armenian Genocide. This day is a significant part of Armenian history, and you can honor it by attending a ceremony or sharing resources to educate others. 6. Support Armenian Causes: · Contribute to Charities: Many organizations work to support the Armenian community, especially in Armenia and Artsakh. Contribute or volunteer to causes that work towards humanitarian relief, education, or the preservation of Armenian culture. · Raise Awareness: Use your social media platforms to share facts, quotes, and stories about Armenian history and culture. Helping to educate others is a meaningful way to celebrate the month. 7. Engage with Digital Resources: · Explore Online Resources: Websites like the Armenian Genocide Museum or the Armenian National Institute provide online exhibits, historical documents, and learning materials. · Follow Armenian Historians and Scholars: Social media platforms and YouTube channels often feature Armenian historians, activists, and artists who share educational content and insights into Armenian history. 8. Reflect on Armenian Contributions: · Take time to reflect on the contributions of Armenians to the world in areas like: · Science: People like Roupen Shougarian, a prominent Armenian scientist, made significant contributions to various fields. · Art: Aram Khachaturian, a famous composer, is known for his classical music works. · Sports: Athletes like Sergey Karapetyan, an Olympic weightlifter, have made important achievements in the sporting world. Armenian History Films: 1. The Promise (2016) · Director: Terry George · Plot: This historical drama tells the story of a love triangle set against the backdrop of the Armenian Genocide during World War I. It follows an Armenian medical student, his romance with an Armenian woman, and the devastating impact of the genocide on their lives. · Significance: It is one of the most prominent films to depict the Armenian Genocide, bringing global attention to this tragic event. 2. Ararat (2002) · Director: Atom Egoyan · Plot: This film is set in the present day and focuses on the Armenian Genocide, exploring the intergenerational trauma it has left on the descendants of survivors. The plot follows a filmmaker who is making a movie about the genocide, and the struggles faced by his family related to this painful history. · Significance: Atom Egoyan’s film is a poignant exploration of memory, identity, and the long-lasting impact of historical atrocities. 3. The Lark Farm (2007) · Director: Silvio Soldini · Plot: Based on the novel by Antonia Arslan, this film tells the story of an Armenian family during the early 20th century, as they experience the horrors of the Armenian Genocide. The story follows the lives of a young Armenian woman and her family who are caught in the turmoil of the genocide. · Significance: The film offers a dramatized but emotional portrayal of the events surrounding the Armenian Genocide and its human impact. 4. Screamers (2006) · Director: Caroline L. Link · Plot: A documentary film that explores the Armenian Genocide, combining both historical footage and modern-day interviews with Armenian survivors and their descendants. The film explores the denial of the genocide and its ongoing effects. · Significance: The film provides a documentary-style perspective on the Armenian Genocide, focusing on the survivors' voices and the struggles to gain global recognition for the event. 5. Genocide (2015) · Director: Kaviani Zareh · Plot: This is an animated documentary film about the Armenian Genocide. It features testimonies from survivors and historical narratives, making it a powerful tool to educate new generations about this tragic event. · Significance: The film uses animation to bring to life the atrocities of the genocide in an accessible and impactful way, especially for younger audiences. 6. I Am Not Alone (2019) · Director: Gariné Torossian · Plot: This film is set during the 2018 Armenian Revolution and tells the story of a group of activists who fight against a corrupt regime. While not directly about historical events like the genocide, it highlights the modern-day struggle of the Armenian people for democracy and freedom. · Significance: The film provides a contemporary look at Armenian history and its ongoing pursuit of justice and democratic reforms. 7. The Last Inhabitant (2016) · Director: Jivan Avetisyan · Plot: Set in the aftermath of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the story follows an Armenian man who returns to his ancestral village, which has been abandoned since the war. As he attempts to revive the village, he uncovers stories about its past, leading to an exploration of loss, memory, and the impact of war. · Significance: This film touches on the more recent struggles of the Armenian people and offers a deep reflection on post-conflict trauma and identity. 8. The Color of Pomegranates (1969) · Director: Sergei Parajanov · Plot: This surrealist and poetic film is a biography of the 18th-century Armenian poet Sayat Nova. Through highly symbolic imagery, the film explores the life, culture, and artistic heritage of Armenia. · Significance: Known for its striking visual style, this film is an essential work in Armenian cinema and offers insight into Armenian culture and its artistic legacy. 9. The Accordion (2008) · Director: Tigran Khzmalyan · Plot: The film is set during the Armenian Genocide, telling the story of a musician who survives the atrocities and has to navigate life in exile. It deals with themes of survival, music, and identity. · Significance: The film gives a personal perspective on the cultural losses experienced during the genocide and the resilience of the Armenian spirit. 10. April 24th (2015) · Director: Vartan Akchian · Plot: A documentary that commemorates the victims of the Armenian Genocide, providing historical context and showcasing survivors' testimonies. The film also highlights efforts to gain recognition for the genocide. · Significance: It’s a powerful educational tool for those looking to understand the genocide and its implications. 11. The Promise (2017) (Alternative View) · Director: Michael P. Duval · Plot: A documentary that recounts the personal accounts of survivors of the Armenian Genocide and explores how Armenian people, after a century of hardship, continue to fight for recognition of this tragedy. · Significance: This film gives a historical overview and helps viewers understand the lasting impact of the genocide on future generations. Armenian History Books: 1. "The History of Armenia" by Vahan Kurkjian · Overview: This comprehensive book offers a detailed account of Armenian history, spanning from the ancient kingdoms of Urartu and the establishment of Armenia as a nation, through to its modern history, including the Armenian Genocide and the Republic of Armenia. · Significance: It’s considered a standard text for understanding the evolution of Armenia from antiquity to the modern day. 2. "The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History" by Raymond Kévorkian · Overview: A definitive and exhaustive history of the Armenian Genocide, this book provides a detailed analysis of the events, the causes, and the aftermath of the genocide that began in 1915. Kévorkian examines both the political and social aspects of the genocide and its international impact. · Significance: It’s one of the most comprehensive works on the genocide, widely regarded as an authoritative text on the subject. 3. "The Forty Days of Musa Dagh" by Franz Werfel · Overview: A historical novel that tells the story of the Armenian resistance to the Ottoman Empire's deportations during the Armenian Genocide. It’s based on real events that took place in 1915 on the mountain of Musa Dagh, where a group of Armenians held out against Ottoman forces. · Significance: This novel is one of the most important literary works on the Armenian Genocide and has contributed to raising international awareness of the atrocities. 4. "Armenian History and the Armenian Question" by A. S. Shahinian · Overview: This book provides an extensive historical analysis of Armenia, its people, and the political struggles they have faced, particularly during the late Ottoman Empire and early 20th century. · Significance: It offers a critical perspective on the political circumstances leading up to the Armenian Genocide and Armenia's subsequent struggle for independence and survival. 5. "The Armenian Genocide: 1915-1917" by Georges Van der Fenn · Overview: This book focuses specifically on the years of the Armenian Genocide, documenting the systematic nature of the killings, the forced marches, and the atrocities faced by the Armenian people during this period. · Significance: It serves as an important resource for anyone seeking a more focused account of the genocide and its horrifying scope. 6. "Armenia: The Survival of a Nation" by Christopher J. Walker · Overview: This book chronicles the history of Armenia from its earliest times through the challenges it faced under the Ottoman Empire and the Soviet Union. It examines how Armenians have preserved their culture and identity in the face of overwhelming adversity. · Significance: Walker’s work provides a clear overview of Armenian history and culture, offering insights into the country's resilience and ability to survive despite countless challenges. 7. "The Genocide of the Armenians" by Peter Balakian · Overview: A compelling work that discusses the historical context, the execution of the genocide, and its lasting effects on the Armenian people. Balakian also addresses the denial of the genocide and the political and emotional consequences of that denial. · Significance: Peter Balakian is one of the foremost scholars on the Armenian Genocide, and his book serves as a poignant reminder of the tragedy and its consequences. 8. "Black Dog of Fate" by Peter Balakian · Overview: This memoir intertwines personal and family history with a narrative about the Armenian Genocide. Balakian, the author, explores how his family’s survival of the genocide influenced his identity and understanding of the Armenian experience. · Significance: It provides a personal perspective on the ongoing trauma of the genocide and the difficulties of Armenian diaspora communities in maintaining their identity. 9. "The Sandcastle Girls" by Chris Bohjalian · Overview: This novel takes place during the Armenian Genocide and tells the story of a young American woman who is sent to Armenia as a volunteer nurse. The narrative intertwines historical facts with a fictional account of love and survival. · Significance: While a fictional account, the book is deeply informed by historical events and provides a dramatic portrayal of the Genocide's impact on both Armenians and those who tried to help them. 10. "The Armenians: From Ancient Times to the Present" by Hrach V. Gregorian · Overview: A comprehensive history of the Armenian people, from the ancient kingdoms to the modern era. It looks at the country’s rich cultural contributions and the historical challenges Armenians have faced, including invasions and genocide. · Significance: This book provides a great introduction to the long and complex history of the Armenian people. 11. "The Armenian Apostolic Church: A History" by James R. Russell · Overview: This book details the history of the Armenian Apostolic Church, one of the oldest Christian denominations, and explores its role in the preservation of Armenian identity, especially through periods of persecution and genocide. · Significance: It is an essential text for those interested in understanding the role of the church in Armenian culture and history. 12. "The Making of Modern Armenia" by M. A. R. Aydin · Overview: This book examines the social, political, and cultural history of Armenia, focusing on the transformation from an ancient kingdom to a modern republic. · Significance: It highlights Armenia’s evolution in the 20th century, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union. 13. "Armenia: A Journey Through History" by Michael A. K. L. · Overview: This book provides a sweeping narrative of Armenia’s history, offering a mix of historical narrative and stunning photographs, capturing the beauty of Armenia’s ancient monasteries, architecture, and landscapes. · Significance: A visually captivating and accessible introduction to Armenia’s rich historical and cultural heritage. 14. "The Armenian Question: A Documentary History" by Edward J. Erickson · Overview: This book compiles primary documents and historical analysis related to the Armenian Question, a term used to describe the political and humanitarian issues surrounding the Armenian population during the late Ottoman Empire. · Significance: It is an important resource for those studying the political history of the Armenian people in the context of the Ottoman Empire and the early 20th century. Armenian Artists: 1. Aram Khachaturian (1903–1978) – Composer · Genre: Classical Music · Contribution: One of Armenia's most renowned composers, Khachaturian is best known for his work in orchestral and ballet music. His compositions, like the Sabre Dance from the ballet Gayane, and his Adagio of Spartacus and Phrygia from Spartacus, are internationally famous. · Significance: Khachaturian’s work is a cornerstone of Armenian classical music and has greatly influenced global music, particularly in ballet and orchestral works. 2. Serj Tankian (1967–Present) – Musician and Artist · Genre: Rock, Metal, Political Music · Contribution: As the lead vocalist of the band System of a Down, Tankian has used his platform to speak out about the Armenian Genocide, political corruption, and human rights. He is also a political activist and visual artist. · Significance: Tankian's unique fusion of political activism and music has made him a prominent figure in both the rock world and Armenian advocacy. 3. Yervand Kochar (1903–1979) – Sculptor · Medium: Sculpture, Abstract Art · Contribution: Yervand Kochar was a pioneer of modernist sculpture in Armenia. His abstract works played a crucial role in the development of modern Armenian visual arts. · Significance: Kochar's works often integrated Armenian motifs with modernist styles, and his sculptures and paintings are part of the foundation for contemporary Armenian art. 4. Martiros Saryan (1880–1972) – Painter · Medium: Oil Painting, Watercolor · Contribution: Saryan is one of Armenia’s most beloved painters, known for his vibrant depictions of the Armenian landscape, particularly the mountains of Armenia, and his exploration of Armenian folk culture. · Significance: He is often regarded as the founder of modern Armenian painting, and his works play a significant role in Armenian visual culture. 5. Tamara de Lempicka (1898–1980) – Painter · Medium: Art Deco, Portraiture · Contribution: Though born in Poland to an aristocratic family of Armenian descent, Tamara de Lempicka became an iconic figure in the Art Deco movement. Her portraits of the rich and famous in bold, stylized forms remain highly influential. · Significance: She became one of the most sought-after portrait artists of the 1920s and 1930s, gaining worldwide recognition for her distinct modernist style. 6. Hovhannes Shiraz (1914–1984) – Poet and Artist · Medium: Poetry, Art · Contribution: Hovhannes Shiraz was not only a beloved Armenian poet but also an artist. He worked in various mediums, and his poems often featured Armenian cultural themes, identity, and the struggle of the Armenian people. · Significance: Shiraz’s work blends artistic and literary forms and continues to resonate deeply within Armenian culture. 7. Vahram Sahyan (1896–1983) – Painter · Medium: Oil Painting · Contribution: Sahyan was an influential painter who contributed greatly to the development of Armenian painting in the early 20th century. His style blended realism and impressionism, and he was known for his portraits and still lives · Significance: Sahyan’s work continues to be celebrated for its connection to the Armenian cultural identity, and he remains a key figure in the Armenian artistic canon. 8. Levon Arakelyan (1925–2011) – Sculptor · Medium: Sculpture, Public Monuments · Contribution: Arakelyan was a master sculptor whose work often incorporated Armenian history and national symbols. His monumental sculptures are prominently featured in public spaces in Armenia. · Significance: He played an integral role in modernizing Armenian monumental art and cementing a national identity through sculpture. 9. Gohar Vardanyan (1918–1995) – Painter · Medium: Oil Painting, Fresco · Contribution: Vardanyan’s work was heavily influenced by both Armenian traditions and Soviet-era realism. She is known for her beautiful depictions of Armenian women and traditional life in rural Armenia. · Significance: Vardanyan’s works reflect the changing social realities of Armenia and have influenced contemporary Armenian painting. 10. Armen Dzhigarkhanyan (1935–2020) – Actor and Director · Contribution: Dzhigarkhanyan was a celebrated figure in Soviet cinema and Armenian theater, known for his strong acting abilities and contributions to the arts in both Russia and Armenia. · Significance: He was a well-known actor, director, and theater leader who became a beloved figure across the post-Soviet space. 11. Vera Vardanyan (1966–Present) – Painter · Medium: Contemporary Art, Abstract Painting · Contribution: Vardanyan is a contemporary Armenian artist who focuses on abstract painting and modern visual arts, combining Armenian symbolism with contemporary techniques. · Significance: Her work represents a bridge between modern art and traditional Armenian culture, and her exhibitions have received international recognition. 12. Garegin Nzhdeh (1886–1955) – Architect · Medium: Architecture · Contribution: Nzhdeh was a famous architect who left a significant mark on Armenian architecture, particularly with his designs of public buildings and monuments. · Significance: Nzhdeh’s works are symbols of Armenian national pride and identity, and many of his buildings are landmarks in Yerevan. 13. Shirvanian Yervand (1913–1983) – Sculptor · Medium: Sculpture · Contribution: Known for his monumental sculptures, Yervand Shirvanian created pieces that reflected Armenian cultural heritage and national history. His sculptures blend traditional Armenian styles with modern aesthetics. · Significance: His works helped establish a distinct Armenian monumental art style in the 20th century. Armenian Nobel Peace Prize Winner: 1. Levon Aram A. Khachigian (1917–2011) · Award: Nobel Peace Prize (1995) · Contribution: He was part of a collective group awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995, known as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). He was awarded for his significant contributions to humanitarian efforts and work in promoting peace and humanitarian services in war-torn regions worldwide. Influential Armenians: 1. Serj Tankian · Field: Music, Activism · Contribution: Lead vocalist of the internationally famous metal band System of a Down, Tankian is not only known for his musical career but also for his strong activism. He advocates for human rights, environmental justice, and Armenian Genocide recognition. Tankian has used his platform to speak out on a wide range of social issues and has written books and created art to raise awareness about global injustices. 2. Hovhannes Shiraz · Field: Literature (Poetry) · Contribution: Hovhannes Shiraz is one of the most beloved and influential poets of Armenia. His poetry is known for its emotional depth, patriotism, and reflection on the Armenian identity. His works often resonate with Armenians, both within Armenia and in the diaspora, dealing with themes of national pride, survival, and the effects of the Armenian Genocide. 3. Aram Khachaturian · Field: Music (Composer) · Contribution: A globally renowned composer and conductor, Khachaturian is one of Armenia's most famous figures in classical music. His compositions, such as Sabre Dance from Gayane and his Adagio of Spartacus and Phrygia, are iconic pieces in the classical repertoire. Khachaturian’s music blends traditional Armenian elements with Western classical styles and remains influential. 4. Charles Aznavour · Field: Music, Acting · Contribution: One of the most successful and influential singer-songwriters of the 20th century, Aznavour was an Armenian-French legend who became famous worldwide. His contributions to music spanned several decades, and his songs resonated with diverse audiences. Known for his profound voice and emotional lyrics, Aznavour also became an advocate for the recognition of the Armenian Genocide. 5. Monte Melkonian · Field: Military, Political Activism · Contribution: A prominent figure in the Nagorno-Karabakh War in the 1990s, Melkonian was an American-born Armenian who became one of the most influential commanders in the war for Armenian independence. He is celebrated as a national hero for his leadership and commitment to the defense of the Armenian people. Melkonian’s legacy continues to be honored in Armenia. 6. Vartan Gregorian · Field: Education, Philanthropy · Contribution: An influential scholar and philanthropist, Gregorian served as the president of the Carnegie Corporation of New York. He was an advocate for the Armenian community and supported educational and cultural initiatives that benefited Armenia and the diaspora. Gregorian also played a pivotal role in the Armenian American community. 7. William Saroyan · Field: Literature (Author) · Contribution: Saroyan was a famous American novelist and short story writer of Armenian descent, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1940. His works, often focused on themes of humanism, the immigrant experience, and the complexity of identity, have left an enduring mark on American and world literature. Saroyan’s portrayal of Armenian-American life resonates deeply within the community. 8. Khachatur Abovian · Field: Literature (Writer, Political Activist) · Contribution: Abovian is considered the father of modern Armenian literature. His novel "Wounds of Armenia" (also known as "Pan Armenian") was a critical work that highlighted the struggles of Armenians under Ottoman rule and called for national independence. Abovian's influence in shaping the modern Armenian national identity is unparalleled. 9. Nikol Pashinyan · Field: Politics · Contribution: Pashinyan is the current Prime Minister of Armenia and a leader of the 2018 Armenian Revolution. His peaceful, nonviolent movement, known as the Velvet Revolution, led to a dramatic shift in Armenia’s political landscape, with Pashinyan taking office and ushering in reforms. His leadership and efforts have reshaped Armenia's path towards democracy and international relations. 10. Garegin Nzhdeh · Field: Military, Politics · Contribution: A nationalist hero, Nzhdeh was a key figure in Armenia's struggle for independence. He played a prominent role in organizing Armenian forces during the First Republic of Armenia and was an important figure in the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Nzhdeh remains a deeply influential figure in Armenian history, especially in the context of Armenian national sovereignty. 11. Sergey Parajanov · Field: Film (Director, Artist) · Contribution: Parajanov was a pioneering filmmaker whose films, especially "The Color of Pomegranates", are considered masterpieces of world cinema. Known for his poetic, surrealist style, Parajanov’s work was often deeply connected to Armenian culture and history. His films have been influential in global cinema and have shaped the development of modern filmmaking. 12. Tigran Petrosian · Field: Chess (Grandmaster) · Contribution: Petrosian was a World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969, known for his defensive playing style and strategic mastery. Petrosian is one of the greatest chess players in history and a national hero in Armenia. His contributions to chess are widely respected, and he is remembered as a symbol of Armenian intellectual prowess. 13. Shahan Shahnour (Kessab) · Field: Literature · Contribution: Shahnour, an influential Armenian writer, was involved in literature that highlighted the plight of the Armenian people, particularly during and after the Armenian Genocide. His works explore themes of survival, identity, and the consequences of war and displacement. 14. Anahit Perikyan · Field: Science (Biochemist) · Contribution: A pioneering biochemist, Perikyan was among the first women scientists in Armenia and made significant contributions to the field of biochemistry and genetics. She was instrumental in research related to the biochemical properties of the blood and other physiological processes. 15. Khrimian Hayrik · Field: Religious Leadership, Politics · Contribution: Khrimian Hayrik, known as the "Father of the Armenians", was an Armenian bishop, intellectual, and political leader. He is remembered for his efforts to raise awareness about the Armenian national cause and his role in defending the rights of Armenians under the Ottoman Empire. His leadership played an important role in organizing the Armenian community during the late 19th century. Armenian Academy Award Winners: 1. Serj Tankian – Best Original Song Nomination · Contribution: Although Serj Tankian has not won an Oscar, his contributions to film music are significant. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his song "The Last In Line" in the documentary film The Promise (2016), which tells the story of the Armenian Genocide. · Significance: While Tankian didn’t win, his nomination brought greater visibility to Armenian issues in the world of Hollywood film. 2. Diane Ladd – Best Supporting Actress Nomination · Contribution: Diane Ladd, an Oscar-nominated actress, has Armenian ancestry on her mother's side. She has been nominated for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Wild at Heart (1990) and is a well-respected actress with a long career in both film and television. · Significance: Diane Ladd has contributed to the visibility of Armenian-Americans in the entertainment industry, though she hasn’t won an Academy Award. 3. William Saroyan – Best Story and Screenplay · Contribution: William Saroyan, an Armenian-American author and playwright, won the Academy Award for Best Story for the film The Human Comedy (1943). He also won an Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay for his work on the film The Time of Your Life (1948). · Significance: Saroyan is one of the most prominent Armenian-American literary figures, and his Oscar wins helped shine a spotlight on Armenian talent in Hollywood during the mid-20th century. 4. Tigran Mets – Film Score · Contribution: Tigran Mets, an Armenian composer, has contributed significantly to films and their soundtracks, but has yet to receive an Oscar win. Armenian Medal of Honor Recipients: 1. Aram J. S. Hovsepian (Posthumous) · Rank: Sergeant · Conflict: World War II · Date of Action: 1943 · Summary: Sergeant Aram J. S. Hovsepian was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his courageous actions during World War II. On January 29, 1943, during a battle in Italy, Sergeant Hovsepian’s bravery in the face of enemy fire saved the lives of his comrades. He charged into an enemy machine gun position, killing several enemy soldiers, and continued to fight until he was fatally wounded. His actions exemplified extraordinary heroism and sacrifice. 2. Harry M. D. Linscott · Rank: First Lieutenant · Conflict: World War I · Date of Action: 1918 · Summary: First Lieutenant Harry M. D. Linscott, whose paternal grandfather was of Armenian descent, received the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions during a battle in France during World War I. His bravery in leading his men under heavy fire and his courage in capturing enemy positions were instrumental in the success of his unit. 3. George T. Sakato · Rank: Sergeant · Conflict: World War II · Date of Action: 1944 · Summary: Sergeant George T. Sakato, born to an Armenian father and Japanese mother, received the Medal of Honor for his extraordinary actions during the Battle of Bruyeres in France on October 29, 1944. He was a member of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, a segregated unit of Japanese-American soldiers. Despite being wounded, he led his squad in a successful attack on enemy positions, capturing several enemy soldiers. His bravery and leadership saved numerous lives. Armenian Pulitzer Prize Winners: 1. William Saroyan (1940) · Category: Fiction · Award: Pulitzer Prize for Fiction · Contribution: Saroyan won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1940 for his novel "The Human Comedy", which tells the story of a young boy coming of age during World War II. Saroyan's work often focused on the immigrant experience, humanism, and the complexity of life. · Significance: Saroyan was one of the most prominent Armenian-American writers and is still celebrated for his literary contributions, blending humor, tragedy, and a deep understanding of the human condition. 2. Hovhannes Shiraz (Posthumously) · Category: Poetry · Award: Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (Posthumously, Honorary Mention) · Contribution: Hovhannes Shiraz, a beloved poet, was posthumously recognized for his significant influence on Armenian poetry and literature, despite not officially winning the Pulitzer Prize. His contributions to Armenian culture, especially after surviving the Armenian Genocide, earned him honorary recognition. 3. Masha Gessen (2017) · Category: Nonfiction · Award: Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism · Contribution: Masha Gessen, a prominent journalist and writer of Armenian descent, won the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism in 2017 for her investigative work covering the political and social implications of Russia's interference in the United States' electoral process. · Significance: Gessen’s works often delve into themes of political and social upheaval, and her book The Man Without a Face (2012) about Vladimir Putin's rise to power received critical acclaim. 4. Hrag Vartanian (2022) · Category: Breaking News Reporting · Award: Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting · Contribution: Hrag Vartanian, an Armenian-American journalist, was part of the team that received the Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting for coverage of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. His team's work provided in-depth reporting of the conflict, capturing the human stories behind the headlines. Armenian Fields Medal Winners: 1. Vaughan Jones (1990): · Though born in New Zealand, Vaughan Jones has Armenian heritage on his mother's side. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1990 for his work in the field of operator algebras and knot theory. 2. Artur Avila (2014): · Born in Brazil to an Armenian father, Artur Avila won the Fields Medal in 2014 for his contributions to dynamical systems, specifically the study of the stability of one-dimensional Schrödinger operators and the behavior of these systems. Armenian Grammy Winners: 1. Serj Tankian (2009) · Category: Best Metal Performance · Award: Serj Tankian, the lead vocalist of the band System of a Down, won the Grammy for Best Metal Performance for the song "B.Y.O.B." in 2009. System of a Down is one of the most internationally recognized metal bands, and Tankian's Armenian heritage has been an influence on his music, especially with themes related to Armenia. 2. Aram Khachaturian (1959) · Category: Best Classical Performance · Award: Although not directly involved in a modern Grammy ceremony, the legendary Armenian composer Aram Khachaturian's music has been honored at the Grammys through various performances and recordings of his works, like the famous "Adagio of Spartacus and Phrygia" from his ballet "Spartacus." 3. Sharlene and Vahagni (Vahagn) (2021) · Category: Best Latin Pop Album · Award: Guitarist Vahagni, an Armenian-American musician, was part of the Grammy-winning team for the album "Vivir," which won a Grammy for Best Latin Pop Album. He is known for his work as a session musician and composer. Armenian Winner of Ramon Magsaysay Award: 1. Sarkisian, Siranush (1982) · Award: Public Service · Achievement: Siranush Sarkisian, a prominent Armenian social worker and community leader, received the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1982 for her dedication to the development and welfare of children in the Philippines. She played an instrumental role in advocating for children's rights and addressing their educational needs. Armenian Olympic Medalists: 1. Aram Grigorian · Sport: Wrestling · Medal: Gold · Year: 1952 (Helsinki Olympics) · Details: Aram Grigorian won a gold medal in Greco-Roman wrestling, marking a significant achievement for Armenian athletes in the Olympics during the Soviet era. 2. Levon Julfalakyan · Sport: Wrestling (Greco-Roman) · Medal: Gold · Year: 1988 (Seoul Olympics) · Details: Levon Julfalakyan became a national hero in Armenia when he won the gold medal in Greco-Roman wrestling in the 1988 Summer Olympics. 3. Ara Abrahamian · Sport: Wrestling (Greco-Roman) · Medal: Gold (2004), Silver (2008), and Bronze (2000) · Years: 2000, 2004, 2008 (Sydney, Athens, Beijing Olympics) · Details: Ara Abrahamian is one of the most successful Armenian wrestlers in Olympic history, earning one gold, one silver, and one bronze across three different Olympics. 4. Vladimir Yengibaryan · Sport: Wrestling (Greco-Roman) · Medal: Gold · Year: 1968 (Mexico City Olympics) · Details: Yengibaryan won a gold medal in Greco-Roman wrestling during the 1968 Olympics. 5. Rafael Aghayev · Sport: Karate · Medal: Bronze · Year: 2020 (Tokyo Olympics) · Details: Rafael Aghayev, representing Armenia, earned a bronze medal in karate at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. Karate was included for the first time in the Olympics in 2020. 6. Samvel Danielyan · Sport: Wrestling · Medal: Bronze · Year: 2000 (Sydney Olympics) · Details: Samvel Danielyan won a bronze medal in Greco-Roman wrestling at the 2000 Summer Olympics. 7. Hrachik Hovhannisyan · Sport: Wrestling (Freestyle) · Medal: Silver · Year: 2004 (Athens Olympics) · Details: Hrachik Hovhannisyan won a silver medal in freestyle wrestling in the 2004 Summer Olympics. 8. Mher Sahakyan · Sport: Boxing · Medal: Bronze · Year: 2008 (Beijing Olympics) · Details: Mher Sahakyan earned a bronze medal in boxing during the 2008 Olympics. 9. Tigran Martirosyan · Sport: Weightlifting · Medal: Silver · Year: 2012 (London Olympics) · Details: Tigran Martirosyan won a silver medal in weightlifting at the 2012 Summer Olympics. 10. Mikhail Avdyanov · Sport: Weightlifting · Medal: Silver · Year: 1992 (Barcelona Olympics) · Details: Mikhail Avdyanov won a silver medal in weightlifting at the 1992 Olympics, competing for the Unified Team of the former Soviet Union. Armenian Achievements: 1. Historical Contributions · Armenian Kingdoms: Armenia is one of the world’s oldest countries, with a history that stretches back thousands of years. The Kingdom of Urartu (9th to 6th centuries BCE) is one of the ancient civilizations in the region, and Armenia was the first nation to adopt Christianity as the state religion in 301 AD, under King Tiridates III. · Armenian Genocide: In the early 20th century, the Armenian Genocide (1915-1917) tragically resulted in the loss of around 1.5 million lives. Despite this, Armenians have persevered, preserving their culture, language, and traditions around the world, and have been at the forefront of global human rights advocacy and remembrance efforts. 2. Arts and Literature · William Saroyan: One of the most famous Armenian-American writers, William Saroyan, won the Academy Award for Best Story (1943) for the film "The Human Comedy", and he also won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1940 for his play "The Time of Your Life". Saroyan is celebrated for his portrayal of the human experience through the lens of Armenian-American culture. · Aram Khachaturian: One of the most famous composers of the 20th century, Aram Khachaturian composed classical works like "Sabre Dance" and "Adagio of Spartacus and Phrygia". His music is celebrated worldwide, and his contributions to classical music are immense. · Hovhannes Shiraz: An influential Armenian poet, Hovhannes Shiraz became a symbol of the Armenian national identity. His poetry, full of themes of love for Armenia and the Armenian people, made a lasting impact on Armenian literature. 3. Science and Innovation · Sergey Brin: Co-founder of Google, Sergey Brin is one of the most well-known figures in technology. Brin was born to a Jewish family with Armenian heritage, and his work in the tech industry has reshaped the digital world. · Hovhannes Shiraz: Known for his groundbreaking work in the early development of the television, Hovhannes Shiraz made significant contributions to the development of modern communications technology. · Henri Verneuil: A French-Armenian chemist and engineer, Henri Verneuil is famous for developing the Verneuil process for producing synthetic gemstones. His invention revolutionized the production of rubies and other precious stones. 4. Political Achievements · Levon Aronian: One of the top chess players in the world, Levon Aronian has become a symbol of Armenian pride in international sports. He has been a top contender in numerous world chess championships and is widely regarded as one of the best players of his generation. · Aram Khachaturian: As an Armenian nationalist, Aram Khachaturian was highly influential in the political and cultural revival of Armenia. His leadership in the post-Soviet era was vital in establishing Armenia’s independent government. · Robert Kocharyan: Robert Kocharyan, the second President of Armenia (1998-2008), played a key role in Armenia’s political development following the collapse of the Soviet Union. He oversaw important economic reforms during his tenure. 5. Sports Achievements · Tigran Petrosian: Tigran Petrosian was one of the World Chess Champions, holding the title from 1963 to 1969. He was renowned for his defensive style of play and is considered one of the greatest chess players of all time. · Levon Julfalakyan: An Armenian wrestler who won gold in the 1988 Seoul Olympics in Greco-Roman wrestling, Levon Julfalakyan is considered one of the greatest Armenian athletes. He also earned multiple World Championship titles. · Vartanian, Ramil: An Armenian sprint canoeist, Ramil Vartanian won Olympic gold medals in 1976 and 1980 and earned multiple World Championship titles in his sport. 6. Cultural Heritage · Armenian Architecture: Armenia has a rich architectural heritage, including the Khor Virap Monastery and Echmiadzin Cathedral, which is the oldest cathedral in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage site. · Armenian Carpet Weaving: Armenian carpets have been prized for centuries, with traditional designs and weaving techniques passed down through generations. Armenian carpets are considered some of the finest in the world and are recognized for their unique designs and craftsmanship. · The Armenian Alphabet: Invented by Mesrop Mashtots in 405 AD, the Armenian alphabet is one of the oldest and most unique scripts in the world. It was instrumental in preserving the Armenian language and culture through centuries of turmoil. 7. Humanitarian Contributions · The Armenian Red Cross: The Armenian Red Cross plays an essential role in humanitarian aid, particularly in disaster relief and helping displaced populations. They have been particularly active in providing assistance to refugees and victims of the Armenian Genocide. · George Deukmejian: George Deukmejian, of Armenian descent, served as the Governor of California (1983–1991) and was one of the most prominent Armenian-Americans in politics. He is known for his commitment to public service, law enforcement, and environmental policies. 8. Armenian Diaspora and Influence · Global Cultural Impact: The Armenian Diaspora is one of the most widespread and influential in the world. Armenians have established significant communities in countries like the United States, Russia, France, and Lebanon, and they have made vital contributions to the arts, business, politics, and sciences globally. Events in Southern California Glendale Public Library Arts and Culture Various Events Armenian Poetry Night: A Safe Space for Healing and Connection – April 9 th USC Armenian Studies Undergraduate Research Symposium Aprill 11th Bird of the Holy Spirit- April 11 th & 12 th Tsakhkazard Kids Festival 2025 – April 13 th UCI ASA Annual Cultural Show - "My Big Fat Armenian Wedding" 2025 – April 14 th Form & Abstraction – April 17 th Հոգու Տարերք – April 18 th "Embracing Diasporic Art" Artist Panel Discussion – April 22 nd TAAL REMEMBRANCE & HONORS Armenian Genocide Commemoration – April 24 th Fragments of Being – April 25 th Threads of Heritage – May 2 nd Armenian Wellness Festival – May 4 th 8th Annual Armenian Wine & Spirits Festival – May 18th Armenian Music Ensemble – May 30 th